{"aliases":[],"awards":["Stalin Prize","Order of Lenin","Order of the October Revolution","Order of the Red Banner of Labour","Lenin Prize","Jubilee Medal \"In Commemoration of the 100th Anniversary of the Birth of Vladimir Ilyich Lenin\""],"biography_summary":"Bruno Pontecorvo (; , Bruno Maksimovich Pontecorvo; 22 August 1913 \u2013 24 September 1993) was an Italian\u2013Russian nuclear physicist, an early assistant of Enrico Fermi and the author of numerous studies in high energy physics, especially on neutrinos. A convinced communist, he defected to the Soviet Union in 1950, where he continued his research on the decay of the muon and on neutrinos. The prestigious Pontecorvo Prize was instituted in his memory in 1995. The fourth of eight children of a wealthy Jewish-Italian family, Pontecorvo studied physics at the Sapienza University, under Fermi, becoming the youngest of his Via Panisperna boys. In 1934 he participated in Fermi's famous experiment showing the properties of slow neutrons that led the way to the discovery of nuclear fission. He moved to Paris in 1936, where he conducted research under Ir\u00e8ne and Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Joliot-Curie. Influenced by his cousin, Emilio Sereni, he joined the Italian Communist Party, whose leaders were in Paris as refugees, and as did his sisters Giuliana and Laura and brother Gillo. The Italian Fascist regime's 1938 racial laws against Jews caused his family members to leave Italy for Britain, France and the United States. When the German Army closed in on Paris during the Second World War, Pontecorvo, his brother Gillo, cousin Emilio Sereni and Salvador Luria fled the city on bicycles. He eventually made his way to Tulsa, Oklahoma, where he applied his knowledge of nuclear physics to prospecting for oil and minerals. In 1943, he joined the British Tube Alloys team at the Montreal Laboratory in Canada.","birth_date":"1913-08-22","birth_place":"Pisa","birth_place_coordinates":{"latitude":43.716667,"longitude":10.4},"birth_place_wikidata_id":"Q13375","birth_place_wikidata_url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13375","canonical_name":"Bruno Pontecorvo","canonical_url":"https://fr.instaget.online/people/34c896790bfa6c4a68e50672","citizenships":["Italy","United Kingdom","Soviet Union","United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland","Kingdom of Italy"],"death_date":"1993-09-24","description":"physicien italien","external_ids":{"isni":{"id":"0000000110406707","url":"https://isni.org/isni/0000000110406707"},"loc":{"id":"no92000191","url":"https://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/no92000191.html"},"viaf":{"id":"14842711","url":"https://viaf.org/viaf/14842711/"}},"full_name":"Bruno Pontecorvo","height_cm":null,"names":{"aliases":["Bruno Maksimovich Pontekorvo"],"birth":[],"native":[{"language":"it","source_property":"P1559","value":"Bruno Pontecorvo"}],"official":[]},"native_name":null,"notable_works":[],"occupations":["physicist","nuclear physicist","scientist"],"official_websites":[],"photo":{"author":"Unknown authorUnknown author","license":"Public domain","license_url":null,"source":"Wikimedia Commons","source_url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Portrait_of_Bruno_Pontecorvo%2C_1955.jpg","url":"https://instaget-public-commons.tor1.cdn.digitaloceanspaces.com/public/commons/cfa77bc303462fb12d5aa4c3caf09220ffbe76eb83b4c9d6e9fe73f133e339fc"},"profile_url":"https://fr.instaget.online/people/34c896790bfa6c4a68e50672","provenance":{"catalog":"wikidata_wikipedia","fetched_at":"2026-08-29T07:24:48Z","social_archives_included":false,"source_url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q453557"},"public_hash":"34c896790bfa6c4a68e50672","schema_version":"1.1","socials":{},"tags":[{"key":"category:science-and-academia","label":"Science and academia","type":"category"},{"key":"occupation:physicist","label":"physicist","type":"occupation"},{"key":"occupation:nuclear physicist","label":"nuclear physicist","type":"occupation"},{"key":"occupation:scientist","label":"scientist","type":"occupation"},{"key":"country:pisa","label":"Pisa","type":"country"},{"key":"citizenship:italy","label":"Italy","type":"citizenship"},{"key":"citizenship:united kingdom","label":"United Kingdom","type":"citizenship"},{"key":"citizenship:soviet union","label":"Soviet Union","type":"citizenship"},{"key":"citizenship:united kingdom of great britain and ireland","label":"United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland","type":"citizenship"},{"key":"citizenship:kingdom of italy","label":"Kingdom of Italy","type":"citizenship"}],"wikidata_id":"Q453557","wikidata_url":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q453557","wikipedia_url":"https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bruno_Pontecorvo"}